Αγγλικά (Γ΄ Γυμνασίου)- Βιβλίο Μαθητή (Εμπλουτισμένο)
UNIT 5 The myths we live by
glossary   Glossary Unit 5 -Introduction
A. Decide if the following statement is
correct or not. Myth is derived from the
Greek word μύθος, which means "word
of mouth."
B. Look at the three pictures and decide
which civilization they come from. Give
your reasons:
   a) Viking    b) Roman    c) Hindu
C. What is the possible meaning of each
picture?
D. What myths do you know? What is the
purpose of a myth?
Read the short text below to see if you
were right
“The myths of each culture form a kind of
self-portrait of the people, showing their
values, their beliefs and their worries. Myths
express the spiritual and intellectual life of
people, and the content of the myths is a key
to understanding how these people think!”
Topic The myths we live by
  Grammar Using the First and Second Conditional forms for
hypothetical situations.
  Reading Skills Skimming a text to get the general idea; scanning for details
  Listening Skills Using knowledge of a situation to help in predicting the
contents of a listening text.
  Writing Skills Using cohesive devices: because, since, as
  Functions Expressing hypothetical situations for real and unreal
situations
  Speaking Skills Discussing problems and solutions; giving advice
  Vocabulary Prepositional phrases; Noun endings (ment)_; adjective
endings (ic).
Strategies: I can identify sentence structure to help me understand the meaning of a
sentence.
  I can share my opinions about a subject
 
Lesson 1

AIMS

  • To introduce the first and second
    conditional forms.
  • To scan a text to find detailed information
Γλωσσάριο-Lesson 1

Lead-in

A. What mythical characters do you know? Make a list and compare your
answers to see who knows the most.
B. Look at the sketches of mythical characters a-e. In pairs, discuss what you
know about each character.
C. Now match the pictures to the statements i-v below.
i) If you answer her question incorrectly, she will eat you.
ii) If you look at her, you will turn into stone.
iii) If she opens the box, bad things will happen.
iv) If he flies too near the sun, his wings will melt.
v) If you ask her a question, she will tell you your fortune.
Grammar rules
In grammar, the statements above are ‘1st Conditional'. A condition means that if someone
does something, something else will happen.
In pairs, look at this sentence in 1st Conditional and complete RULE 1: If Icarus flies near the
sun, his wings will melt.
RULE 1: The verb in the conditional clause is always in the __________ _________ tense.
The verb in the main clause is ‘________________'.
Circle the correct words in RULE 2 on how we use the 1st Conditional.
RULE 2: We use the 1st Conditional when we talk about a possible / certain situation and its
consequences.

Task 1

Make a first conditional sentence and tell it to your partner. Do you both
agree that your sentences are examples of the first conditional?

Task 2

Complete the sentences in
the box:

Compare your answers with
your partner.
  1. If I want advice, I will ..........................................................
  2. If I .....................................................................................
  3. If .......................................................................................
An ancient fortune
teller!

Task 3 - An ancient ‘Fortune Teller'

In Ancient Greece people went to the Oracle
in Delphi to ask the Pythia to tell them their
future. Today, people still want to know what
will happen in their future.
A. In pairs, make a short list of the sources people
use to find out about their future today.
B. Discuss as a group the problems that might
arise from people going to fortune tellers.

Reading - Pre-Reading

All civilizations have gods for different values.
For example, in the Ancient Greek civilization
Demeter was the goddess of …

Look at the pictures and in small groups decide
what these gods or goddesses might represent.
Discuss your answers with the rest of the class.

Task 1

A. In groups of three, look at the names of the
mythical characters in the pictures. Can you
match the pictures a-f with the names 1-6?
1. Thor
2. Pandora		 3. Perseus
4. Finn Mc Cool		 5. Midas
6. King Arthur

Decide as a group which one you think has
nothing to do with Greece. Can you guess
which country this character comes from?

B. Now, discuss what you
know about each of the
characters.

What value or quality
do they represent?
Lesson 1

Task 2

Read the statements
in the box and match
each one to the
characters 1-6 in
TASK 1A:
  1. I think, if she was alive today, she wouldn't open the box.
  2. The ocean would turn to gold, if he touched it.
  3. If I were you, I wouldn't take his hammer.
  4. He wouldn't be happy with the country, if he lived in England today.
  5. If I stayed awake, I would have to fight the Scottish giant.
  6. If I were a God, I would kill Acrisius.

Task 3

A. In pairs, underline the ‘if' clause and the main verb clause in the statements above.
B. Read the statements carefully. Is the situation in each real or unreal? How
do you know? Discuss your answers with your partner.

Grammar - rules

A. The statements in TASK 2 are '2nd Conditional'. In pairs, read the statements
carefully and complete RULE 1.

RULE 1: The verb in the 'if' clause is always in the Simple _________ tense.

The verb in the main clause is __________ + infinitive.

B. Circle the correct words in RULE 2 on how we use the 2nd Conditional.

RULE 2: We use the 2nd Conditional to talk about a situation that is real / unreal.

Task 4 - Myths and Legends

A. Read the following short text and in pairs decide if the writer feels the purpose
of mythical stories is:
  1. to teach us
    history
  2. to help us think
    about our lives
  3. to frighten us
THE CHARACTERS OF MYTHS AND LEGENDS
Myths are sacred stories. The word myth comes from the Greek word
‘μύθος', meaning a story. Myths tell of how the world started and how we
learned to live in our world. Most myths have kind and helpful heroes who
are Gods or superhuman beings. However, not all were good, and in fact
some of them had very bad characters. The reason for this is to show our
human weaknesses. Myths help people understand and learn about their
world.
B. Discuss your ideas with your partner and underline the words which tell you the
answer.

Task 5 - Skim-reading

A. Work in pairs: Student A reads what the
text says about three mythical characters
and Student B reads in Appendix page 142.
Then Student A and B ask and answer
questions about the characters they have
read about.
Student A's questions:
  1. What caused thunder and lightning?
  2. What did Polydeuctes ask Perseus to do?
  3. What was the worst thing Midas did?
An ancient fortune
teller!
1
Thor
Thor was the son of Odin, father of the Norse Gods. He was a large powerful man who protected
the gods and the lives of mortal men against evil. This is why he was so popular. He was also the
God of Thunder and the Norse believed that during a thunderstorm, Thor rode through the
heavens on his chariot pulled by the goats ‘Gap Tooth' and ‘Tooth Grinder'. Lightning flashed
whenever he threw his hammer. Thor had a quick and hot temper and would get angry very
easily. If the giants angered him, he would attack them with his hammer. Thor's memory still lives
with us today in his name. Do YOU know which day of the week is named after him?

2
Perseus
The Oracle had warned King Acrisius of Argos that he would be killed if his daughter Danae ever had a son,
so he set Danae and her son adrift on the sea. At first they had no money and had to live from hand to mouth
but later Polydeuktes, the king of Seriphus found them. He fell in love with Danae, but was unable to persuade
her to marry him because Perseus was his mother's protector. To get rid of Perseus, Polydeuctes sent him on
a quest to bring back the head of the Gorgon Medusa, a snake-haired maiden. He told him that if he brought
back the head of the Gorgon, he would stop chasing Danae. Perseus had the help of the Gracae. He took
their eye and tooth and told them that he would only give them back if they helped him. He succeeded in
cutting off Medusa's head. Do YOU know what happened to people who looked at her head?
3
Midas
Dionysus told King Midas that he would give him a wish if he helped to re-unite him with Silenus his
step-father. Midas wished that everything he touched would be turned to gold. Initially, Midas was
thrilled with his new gift and turned everything he could to gold. His attitude changed, however, when
he was unable to eat or drink since his food and wine were also changed to gold. Things went from
bad to worse when he even accidentally killed his daughter when he touched her, and this made him
realize the depth of his mistake. The myth carries a message that it is dangerous to be greedy. Do
you know what happened when Midas touched his daughter?

Task 6 - Comprehension

A. In pairs, decide on the correct answer for these characters.
i) Thor a) helped ordinary men b) fought with lightning c) ate goats
ii) Perseus a) was foolish b) loved his father c) loved his mother
iii) Midas a) was wise b) was an egotist c) was foolish
iv) Pandora a) was curious b) was wise c) liked boxes
v) King Arthur a) believed in good over bad b) believed in peace c) lived in France
B. Now, answer the following questions:
  1. If you had difficult tasks to do, would you do them or not? Why?
  2. If a Norseman was in danger, who would he call to for help?
  3. Which character do you think existed in the Middle Ages?
  4. Which Empire existed in Greece during the Middle Ages?